Calcined clay has emerged as a promising supplementary cementitious material (SCM) that can significantly mitigate the carbon footprint of cement production. This article explores the potential of calcined clay in cement manufacturing, detailing its mineralogy, chemistry, production technologies, challenges, solutions, environmental benefits, necessary systems, economic viability, and practical aspects for producer. By critically analysing these facets, it aims to provide a comprehensive guide for cement manufacturers considering the adoption of this sustainable alternative. Suitable clay for calcination Kaolinite-rich clays are the most suitable for producing calcined clay due to their high pozzolanic reactivity. Other clays, such as montmorillonite and illite, can also be used but typically exhibit lower reactivity. The selection of clay is crucial as it influences the calcination process and the resulting pozzolanic properties. The ideal composition of kaolinite clays includes 40 – 60% kaolinite, 20 – 40% quartz, and minor amounts of feldspar and mica. Studies have shown that clays with higher kaolinite content yield better pozzolanic reactivity, essential for enhancing cement performance.

This material is a critical component in the production of high-quality cement. The calcination process, which involves heating the clay to temperatures between 500°C and 1000°C, transforms the clay into a more reactive form. This transformation is essential for the subsequent chemical reactions that occur during cement production.

The process involves heating the clay to high temperatures to remove water and volatile substances, resulting in a material with improved properties. ## Introduction to Calcined Clay Production Calcined clay is a vital component in various industries, including construction, ceramics, and electronics. The production process of calcined clay involves several advanced technologies that ensure the material’s quality and performance.

They are used in the production of cement, lime, and other materials. The process involves heating limestone and other materials to high temperatures in a fluidized bed, which results in the production of clinker. The clinker is then ground to produce cement. ## Introduction to Fluidised Bed Calciners Fluidised bed calciners (FBCs) are a revolutionary technology in the field of industrial production.