Portland cement is a versatile and common building material used in construction. It is often used as a binder due to its extremely high early strength.
Portland cement is made by heating limestone and other materials until they become raw materials, which are then ground into a fine powder. This powder is then blended with gypsum, which prevents the formation of the unwanted calcium-aluminum-silicate hydrate (C-A-S-H) phase, and heated again to form clinker. The clinker is cooled and ground into fine granules, and the final product of “Portland” cement is created.
Portland cement is a versatile and common building material used in construction. It is often used as a binder due to its extremely high early strength.
Portland cement is composed of 4 basic oxides: CaO, SiO2, Al2O3 and Fe2O3 that are combined with water to form a slurry. When this slurry cures it forms a rigid crystalline structure that is quite strong. The goal of the production process is to produce a product with very consistent chemical composition that will cure with predictable results.
The first step in the production process is to quarry raw materials (limestone, clay, iron ore) from nearby deposits and crush them into small pieces. The pieces are sorted by size and stored in piles until they are needed for processing.
The next step involves blending the raw materials together in ratios that provide the proper chemical makeup. This mixture is then milled into a fine powder and stored in silos until needed for further processing.
Portland cement is a versatile and common building material used in construction. It is often used as a binder due to its extremely high early strength.
Portland cement is made by heating limestone (calcium carbonate) with other materials (such as clay) to 1450 °C in a kiln, in a process known as calcination that liberates a molecule of carbon dioxide from the calcium carbonate to form calcium oxide, or quicklime, which then chemically combines with the other materials in the mix to form calcium silicates and other cementitious compounds. The resulting hard substance, called ‘clinker’, is then ground with a small amount of gypsum into a powder to make ‘Ordinary Portland Cement’, the most commonly used type of cement (often referred to as OPC).
The ground clinker and gypsum are available for purchase from suppliers of concrete. The chemical reactions between these compounds take place at temperatures above 600 °C when the raw components are mixed and heated in a rotary kiln. In an attempt to mimic this process, some manufacturers add small amounts of iron sulfate (FeSO4), magnesium sulfate (MgSO4), calcium sulfite (CaSO3), or other salts during grinding and mixing. These additives
Portland cement is a versatile and common building material used in construction. It is often used as a binder due to its extremely high early strength.
Portland cement was first developed by Joseph Aspdin in 1824 who made it from a mixture of finely ground pulverized chalk and clay heated in a kiln until calcined. The name Portland cement comes from the fact that it looked like stone quarried on the Isle of Portland, England.
Portland cement is one of the most common types of cement in general use around the world because it is a basic ingredient of concrete, mortar, stucco, and most non-specialty grout. It usually originates from limestone. It is a fine powder produced by heating limestone and clay minerals in a kiln to form clinker, grinding the clinker, and adding small amounts of other materials.
Portland cement is a versatile building material commonly used in construction because of its unique ability to set, harden, and withstand chemical attack. It is often used as a binder due to its extremely high early strength. The most common use of portland cement is in the production of concrete and mortar. Concrete consists of portland cement, aggregates (sand and gravel), and water. Mortar consists of portland cement, aggregates, and lime, with water being added to form a paste that will bond the masonry units together. Portland cement is made by heating raw materials containing oxides of calcium, silicon, aluminum and iron to temperatures of about 1450°C or higher. The product that results from this process is called clinker; it comprises rounded nodules between 1mm and 25mm across. The clinker is then ground to a fine powder with the addition of about 5% gypsum (calcium sulphate). This product is portland cement.
Types I-IV are general-purpose cements which may be combined with air-entraining materials or other ingredients to produce specific properties. Type V (low alkali) cement has been developed for use where sulphate attack may be anticipated. Type V is not available in white color because
White Portland cement or white ordinary Portland cement (WOPC) is similar to ordinary, gray Portland cement in all aspects except for its high degree of whiteness. Obtaining this color requires substantial modification to the method of manufacture, and because of this, it is somewhat more expensive than the gray product. Its whiteness and high price make white cement a specialty product, produced primarily for use in decorative architectural concrete, including precast concrete products, where the appearance of the final product is important. White Portland cement is used in combination with white aggregates to produce white concrete for prestige construction projects and decorative work. White concrete usually takes the form of precast cladding panels, since it is not economical to use white cement for structural purposes.
White Portland cement has essentially the same properties as gray cement, except for color. It produces a light colored concrete when mixed with light aggregates; however, with certain aggregates the resulting color can be very dark. In the United States, Texas Industries markets titanium dioxide treated slag under the name NewCem as a partial replacement for portland cement which improves durability and decreases water demand in concrete mixes.[1] This process results in increased plant productivity and reduced fuel consumption per unit of output.[2]
White Portland cement or white ordinary Portland cement (WOPC) is similar to ordinary, gray Portland cement in all aspects except for its high degree of whiteness. Obtaining this color requires substantial modification to the method of manufacture, and because of this, it is somewhat more expensive than the gray product. Its color makes it desirable when appearance is important.
White Portland cement or white ordinary Portland cement (WOPC) is similar to ordinary, gray Portland cement in all aspects except for its high degree of whiteness. Obtaining this color requires substantial modification to the method of manufacture, and because of this, it is somewhat more expensive than the gray product. Its color makes it desirable when appearance is important.